Direct to consumer genetic services

Large expansion of direct to consumer genetic services is observed world-wide. This service offer single gene tests as well as screening of customer’s DNA at various loci to identify some polymorphism associated with certain disease. For instance, in women with familiar past history of breast cancer can be monitored for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, that are recognized as elevated risk factors. Furthermore, some genes involved in Alzheimer’s disease can be tested. A study was performed to evaluate the consequences of knowing the genetic makeup and the possible disease encountered in the future: it seems that knowledge about genetics doesn’t influence life, for instance by generating depression or anxiety. More concerns are about the scientific value of these tests, the modality to perform them and the clinical utility. Different approaches have been done by government to regulate this modern phenomenon: for instance, in Germany these tests are forbidden and only physicians can suggest genetic test carried out in appropriate institutions. In United Kingdom it has been proposed a self- policing by industry. In the US regulation is up to Federal states and varies largely. First implication of the large diffusion of this kind of test is the increase of analysis and examination to confirm genetic information. Medical intervention can not be the direct consequence of the test, but more deepened talks with physicians and genetic counsellors should be preferred.